Understanding Subsidiaries:
A subsidiary is a company that is completely or partly owned by another corporation that owns more than half of the subsidiary's stock.
A first-tier subsidiary means a subsidiary/daughter company of the ultimate parent company, while a second-tier subsidiary is a subsidiary of a first-tier subsidiary: a "granddaughter" of the main parent company.
Ford motor company with its tiered subsidiaries is shown below.
- Ford Motor Company – Parent company
- Ford International Capital LLC – First-tier subsidiary
- Blue Oval Holdings – Second-tier subsidiary
- Ford Motor Company Limited – Third-tier subsidiary
- Ford Component Sales Limited – Fourth-tier subsidiary
Finding Subsidiaries:
1. Corporate Sites:
The best source to find subsidiaries of a company is its corporate sites itself. Press Releases provide information about recent acquisitions and other information. A lot of companies provide a lot of information about its subsidiaries in their annual Reports
2. SEC.gov
All companies, foreign and domestic, are required to file registration statements, periodic reports, and other forms electronically through EDGAR. Anyone can access and download this information for free. Here, subsidiaries list is available for most public companies.
Example:
List of subsidiaries of General Electric at SEC.gov3. Open Corporates
Opencorporates have information about 60+ million companies. You can search the database and find the parent company. There you can a huge list of subsidiaries for it.
4. Wikipedia